Biodiversity increases the resistance of ecosystem productivity to climate extremes.
Identifieur interne : 003111 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 003110; suivant : 003112Biodiversity increases the resistance of ecosystem productivity to climate extremes.
Auteurs : Forest Isbell [États-Unis] ; Dylan Craven [Allemagne] ; John Connolly [Irlande (pays)] ; Michel Loreau [France] ; Bernhard Schmid [Suisse] ; Carl Beierkuhnlein [Allemagne] ; T Martijn Bezemer [Pays-Bas] ; Catherine Bonin [États-Unis] ; Helge Bruelheide [Allemagne] ; Enrica De Luca [Suisse] ; Anne Ebeling [Allemagne] ; John N. Griffin [Royaume-Uni] ; Qinfeng Guo [États-Unis] ; Yann Hautier [Pays-Bas] ; Andy Hector [Royaume-Uni] ; Anke Jentsch [Allemagne] ; Jürgen Kreyling [Allemagne] ; Vojt Ch Lanta [République tchèque] ; Pete Manning [Suisse] ; Sebastian T. Meyer [Allemagne] ; Akira S. Mori [Japon] ; Shahid Naeem [États-Unis] ; Pascal A. Niklaus [Suisse] ; H Wayne Polley [États-Unis] ; Peter B. Reich [États-Unis] ; Christiane Roscher [Allemagne] ; Eric W. Seabloom [États-Unis] ; Melinda D. Smith [États-Unis] ; Madhav P. Thakur [Allemagne] ; David Tilman [États-Unis] ; Benjamin F. Tracy [États-Unis] ; Wim H. Van Der Putten [Pays-Bas] ; Jasper Van Ruijven [Pays-Bas] ; Alexandra Weigelt [Allemagne] ; Wolfgang W. Weisser [Allemagne] ; Brian Wilsey [États-Unis] ; Nico Eisenhauer [Allemagne]Source :
- Nature [ 1476-4687 ] ; 2015.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- MESH :
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- statistics & numerical data : Climate Change, Disasters.
- Biodiversity, Climate, Conservation of Natural Resources, Droughts, Ecosystem, Grassland, Human Activities, Plant Physiological Phenomena.
Abstract
It remains unclear whether biodiversity buffers ecosystems against climate extremes, which are becoming increasingly frequent worldwide. Early results suggested that the ecosystem productivity of diverse grassland plant communities was more resistant, changing less during drought, and more resilient, recovering more quickly after drought, than that of depauperate communities. However, subsequent experimental tests produced mixed results. Here we use data from 46 experiments that manipulated grassland plant diversity to test whether biodiversity provides resistance during and resilience after climate events. We show that biodiversity increased ecosystem resistance for a broad range of climate events, including wet or dry, moderate or extreme, and brief or prolonged events. Across all studies and climate events, the productivity of low-diversity communities with one or two species changed by approximately 50% during climate events, whereas that of high-diversity communities with 16-32 species was more resistant, changing by only approximately 25%. By a year after each climate event, ecosystem productivity had often fully recovered, or overshot, normal levels of productivity in both high- and low-diversity communities, leading to no detectable dependence of ecosystem resilience on biodiversity. Our results suggest that biodiversity mainly stabilizes ecosystem productivity, and productivity-dependent ecosystem services, by increasing resistance to climate events. Anthropogenic environmental changes that drive biodiversity loss thus seem likely to decrease ecosystem stability, and restoration of biodiversity to increase it, mainly by changing the resistance of ecosystem productivity to climate events.
DOI: 10.1038/nature15374
PubMed: 26466564
Affiliations:
- Allemagne, France, Irlande (pays), Japon, Pays-Bas, Royaume-Uni, République tchèque, Suisse, États-Unis
- Angleterre, Bavière, Canton de Berne, Canton de Zurich, District de Haute-Bavière, District de Leipzig, Gueldre (province), Iowa, Minnesota, Oxfordshire, Saxe (Land), Utrecht (province), État de New York
- Ames (Iowa), Berne, Leipzig, Munich, New York, Oxford, Utrecht, Wageningue, Zurich
- Université Columbia, Université d'Oxford, Université d'Utrecht, Université d'État de l'Iowa, Université de Berne, Université de Wageningue, Université de Zurich, Université technique de Munich
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
- to stream PubMed, to step Corpus: 002882
- to stream PubMed, to step Curation: 002813
- to stream PubMed, to step Checkpoint: 002813
- to stream Ncbi, to step Merge: 002C15
- to stream Ncbi, to step Curation: 002C15
- to stream Ncbi, to step Checkpoint: 002C15
- to stream Main, to step Merge: 003112
- to stream Main, to step Curation: 003111
Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Biodiversity increases the resistance of ecosystem productivity to climate extremes.</title><author><name sortKey="Isbell, Forest" sort="Isbell, Forest" uniqKey="Isbell F" first="Forest" last="Isbell">Forest Isbell</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55108</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Minnesota 55108</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Craven, Dylan" sort="Craven, Dylan" uniqKey="Craven D" first="Dylan" last="Craven">Dylan Craven</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Saxe (Land)</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Leipzig</region><settlement type="city">Leipzig</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Connolly, John" sort="Connolly, John" uniqKey="Connolly J" first="John" last="Connolly">John Connolly</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Ecological and Environmental Modelling Group, School of Mathematics and Statistics, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Irlande (pays)</country><wicri:regionArea>Ecological and Environmental Modelling Group, School of Mathematics and Statistics, University College Dublin, Dublin 4</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Dublin 4</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Loreau, Michel" sort="Loreau, Michel" uniqKey="Loreau M" first="Michel" last="Loreau">Michel Loreau</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling, Experimental Ecology Station, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Moulis 09200, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling, Experimental Ecology Station, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Moulis 09200</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>09200</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>09200</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schmid, Bernhard" sort="Schmid, Bernhard" uniqKey="Schmid B" first="Bernhard" last="Schmid">Bernhard Schmid</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Zurich</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Zurich</settlement><region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Zurich</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Beierkuhnlein, Carl" sort="Beierkuhnlein, Carl" uniqKey="Beierkuhnlein C" first="Carl" last="Beierkuhnlein">Carl Beierkuhnlein</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biogeography, BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biogeography, BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>95440 Bayreuth</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>95440 Bayreuth</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>95440 Bayreuth</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bezemer, T Martijn" sort="Bezemer, T Martijn" uniqKey="Bezemer T" first="T Martijn" last="Bezemer">T Martijn Bezemer</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), PO Box 50, 6700 AB Wageningen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), PO Box 50, 6700 AB Wageningen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>6700 AB Wageningen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bonin, Catherine" sort="Bonin, Catherine" uniqKey="Bonin C" first="Catherine" last="Bonin">Catherine Bonin</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université d'État de l'Iowa</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Ames (Iowa)</settlement><region type="state">Iowa</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bruelheide, Helge" sort="Bruelheide, Helge" uniqKey="Bruelheide H" first="Helge" last="Bruelheide">Helge Bruelheide</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Saxe (Land)</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Leipzig</region><settlement type="city">Leipzig</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Luca, Enrica" sort="De Luca, Enrica" uniqKey="De Luca E" first="Enrica" last="De Luca">Enrica De Luca</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Zurich</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Zurich</settlement><region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Zurich</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ebeling, Anne" sort="Ebeling, Anne" uniqKey="Ebeling A" first="Anne" last="Ebeling">Anne Ebeling</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Ecology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Strasse 159, 07743 Jena, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Ecology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Strasse 159, 07743 Jena</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>07743 Jena</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>07743 Jena</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>07743 Jena</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Griffin, John N" sort="Griffin, John N" uniqKey="Griffin J" first="John N" last="Griffin">John N. Griffin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA28PP, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA28PP</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Swansea SA28PP</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Guo, Qinfeng" sort="Guo, Qinfeng" uniqKey="Guo Q" first="Qinfeng" last="Guo">Qinfeng Guo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>USDA FS, Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center, RTP, North Carolina 27709, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>USDA FS, Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center, RTP, North Carolina 27709</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>North Carolina 27709</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hautier, Yann" sort="Hautier, Yann" uniqKey="Hautier Y" first="Yann" last="Hautier">Yann Hautier</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université d'Utrecht</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Utrecht</settlement><region nuts="2">Utrecht (province)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hector, Andy" sort="Hector, Andy" uniqKey="Hector A" first="Andy" last="Hector">Andy Hector</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="nation">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Oxfordshire</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jentsch, Anke" sort="Jentsch, Anke" uniqKey="Jentsch A" first="Anke" last="Jentsch">Anke Jentsch</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Disturbance Ecology, BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Disturbance Ecology, BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>95440 Bayreuth</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>95440 Bayreuth</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>95440 Bayreuth</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kreyling, Jurgen" sort="Kreyling, Jurgen" uniqKey="Kreyling J" first="Jürgen" last="Kreyling">Jürgen Kreyling</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University Greifswald, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University Greifswald, D-17487 Greifswald</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>17487 Greifswald</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>17487 Greifswald</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>D-17487 Greifswald</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lanta, Vojt Ch" sort="Lanta, Vojt Ch" uniqKey="Lanta V" first="Vojt Ch" last="Lanta">Vojt Ch Lanta</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République tchèque</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 37005 České Budějovice</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>37005 České Budějovice</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Manning, Pete" sort="Manning, Pete" uniqKey="Manning P" first="Pete" last="Manning">Pete Manning</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Bern, CH-3013 Bern, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Bern, CH-3013 Bern</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Berne</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Berne</settlement><region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Berne</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meyer, Sebastian T" sort="Meyer, Sebastian T" uniqKey="Meyer S" first="Sebastian T" last="Meyer">Sebastian T. Meyer</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>85354 Freising</wicri:noRegion><orgName type="university">Université technique de Munich</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Munich</settlement><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mori, Akira S" sort="Mori, Akira S" uniqKey="Mori A" first="Akira S" last="Mori">Akira S. Mori</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-7 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 240-8501, Japan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-7 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 240-8501</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>240-8501</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Naeem, Shahid" sort="Naeem, Shahid" uniqKey="Naeem S" first="Shahid" last="Naeem">Shahid Naeem</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université Columbia</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">New York</settlement><region type="state">État de New York</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Niklaus, Pascal A" sort="Niklaus, Pascal A" uniqKey="Niklaus P" first="Pascal A" last="Niklaus">Pascal A. Niklaus</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Zurich</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Zurich</settlement><region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Zurich</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Polley, H Wayne" sort="Polley, H Wayne" uniqKey="Polley H" first="H Wayne" last="Polley">H Wayne Polley</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, Grassland, Soil and Water Research Laboratory, Temple, Texas 76502, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, Grassland, Soil and Water Research Laboratory, Temple, Texas 76502</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Texas 76502</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Reich, Peter B" sort="Reich, Peter B" uniqKey="Reich P" first="Peter B" last="Reich">Peter B. Reich</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55108 USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Minnesota</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Saint Paul</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Roscher, Christiane" sort="Roscher, Christiane" uniqKey="Roscher C" first="Christiane" last="Roscher">Christiane Roscher</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Saxe (Land)</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Leipzig</region><settlement type="city">Leipzig</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Seabloom, Eric W" sort="Seabloom, Eric W" uniqKey="Seabloom E" first="Eric W" last="Seabloom">Eric W. Seabloom</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55108</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Minnesota 55108</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smith, Melinda D" sort="Smith, Melinda D" uniqKey="Smith M" first="Melinda D" last="Smith">Melinda D. Smith</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Graduate Degree Program in Ecology and Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Graduate Degree Program in Ecology and Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Colorado 80523</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thakur, Madhav P" sort="Thakur, Madhav P" uniqKey="Thakur M" first="Madhav P" last="Thakur">Madhav P. Thakur</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Saxe (Land)</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Leipzig</region><settlement type="city">Leipzig</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tilman, David" sort="Tilman, David" uniqKey="Tilman D" first="David" last="Tilman">David Tilman</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55108</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Minnesota 55108</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tracy, Benjamin F" sort="Tracy, Benjamin F" uniqKey="Tracy B" first="Benjamin F" last="Tracy">Benjamin F. Tracy</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, Smyth Hall 0404, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, Smyth Hall 0404, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Virginia 24061</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Der Putten, Wim H" sort="Van Der Putten, Wim H" uniqKey="Van Der Putten W" first="Wim H" last="Van Der Putten">Wim H. Van Der Putten</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), PO Box 50, 6700 AB Wageningen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), PO Box 50, 6700 AB Wageningen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>6700 AB Wageningen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Ruijven, Jasper" sort="Van Ruijven, Jasper" uniqKey="Van Ruijven J" first="Jasper" last="Van Ruijven">Jasper Van Ruijven</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Nature Conservation and Plant Ecology Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Nature Conservation and Plant Ecology Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Wageningue</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Wageningue</settlement><region nuts="2">Gueldre (province)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Weigelt, Alexandra" sort="Weigelt, Alexandra" uniqKey="Weigelt A" first="Alexandra" last="Weigelt">Alexandra Weigelt</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Saxe (Land)</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Leipzig</region><settlement type="city">Leipzig</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Weisser, Wolfgang W" sort="Weisser, Wolfgang W" uniqKey="Weisser W" first="Wolfgang W" last="Weisser">Wolfgang W. Weisser</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>85354 Freising</wicri:noRegion><orgName type="university">Université technique de Munich</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Munich</settlement><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wilsey, Brian" sort="Wilsey, Brian" uniqKey="Wilsey B" first="Brian" last="Wilsey">Brian Wilsey</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université d'État de l'Iowa</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Ames (Iowa)</settlement><region type="state">Iowa</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eisenhauer, Nico" sort="Eisenhauer, Nico" uniqKey="Eisenhauer N" first="Nico" last="Eisenhauer">Nico Eisenhauer</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Saxe (Land)</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Leipzig</region><settlement type="city">Leipzig</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2015">2015</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:26466564</idno><idno type="pmid">26466564</idno><idno type="doi">10.1038/nature15374</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">002882</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">002882</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Curation">002813</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Curation">002813</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Checkpoint">002813</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Checkpoint" wicri:step="PubMed">002813</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">002C15</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Curation">002C15</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Checkpoint">002C15</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">003112</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">003111</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">003111</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Biodiversity increases the resistance of ecosystem productivity to climate extremes.</title><author><name sortKey="Isbell, Forest" sort="Isbell, Forest" uniqKey="Isbell F" first="Forest" last="Isbell">Forest Isbell</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55108</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Minnesota 55108</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Craven, Dylan" sort="Craven, Dylan" uniqKey="Craven D" first="Dylan" last="Craven">Dylan Craven</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Saxe (Land)</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Leipzig</region><settlement type="city">Leipzig</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Connolly, John" sort="Connolly, John" uniqKey="Connolly J" first="John" last="Connolly">John Connolly</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Ecological and Environmental Modelling Group, School of Mathematics and Statistics, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Irlande (pays)</country><wicri:regionArea>Ecological and Environmental Modelling Group, School of Mathematics and Statistics, University College Dublin, Dublin 4</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Dublin 4</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Loreau, Michel" sort="Loreau, Michel" uniqKey="Loreau M" first="Michel" last="Loreau">Michel Loreau</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling, Experimental Ecology Station, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Moulis 09200, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling, Experimental Ecology Station, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Moulis 09200</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>09200</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>09200</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schmid, Bernhard" sort="Schmid, Bernhard" uniqKey="Schmid B" first="Bernhard" last="Schmid">Bernhard Schmid</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Zurich</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Zurich</settlement><region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Zurich</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Beierkuhnlein, Carl" sort="Beierkuhnlein, Carl" uniqKey="Beierkuhnlein C" first="Carl" last="Beierkuhnlein">Carl Beierkuhnlein</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biogeography, BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biogeography, BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>95440 Bayreuth</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>95440 Bayreuth</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>95440 Bayreuth</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bezemer, T Martijn" sort="Bezemer, T Martijn" uniqKey="Bezemer T" first="T Martijn" last="Bezemer">T Martijn Bezemer</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), PO Box 50, 6700 AB Wageningen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), PO Box 50, 6700 AB Wageningen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>6700 AB Wageningen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bonin, Catherine" sort="Bonin, Catherine" uniqKey="Bonin C" first="Catherine" last="Bonin">Catherine Bonin</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université d'État de l'Iowa</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Ames (Iowa)</settlement><region type="state">Iowa</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bruelheide, Helge" sort="Bruelheide, Helge" uniqKey="Bruelheide H" first="Helge" last="Bruelheide">Helge Bruelheide</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Saxe (Land)</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Leipzig</region><settlement type="city">Leipzig</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Luca, Enrica" sort="De Luca, Enrica" uniqKey="De Luca E" first="Enrica" last="De Luca">Enrica De Luca</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Zurich</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Zurich</settlement><region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Zurich</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ebeling, Anne" sort="Ebeling, Anne" uniqKey="Ebeling A" first="Anne" last="Ebeling">Anne Ebeling</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Ecology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Strasse 159, 07743 Jena, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Ecology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Strasse 159, 07743 Jena</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>07743 Jena</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>07743 Jena</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>07743 Jena</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Griffin, John N" sort="Griffin, John N" uniqKey="Griffin J" first="John N" last="Griffin">John N. Griffin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA28PP, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA28PP</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Swansea SA28PP</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Guo, Qinfeng" sort="Guo, Qinfeng" uniqKey="Guo Q" first="Qinfeng" last="Guo">Qinfeng Guo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>USDA FS, Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center, RTP, North Carolina 27709, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>USDA FS, Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center, RTP, North Carolina 27709</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>North Carolina 27709</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hautier, Yann" sort="Hautier, Yann" uniqKey="Hautier Y" first="Yann" last="Hautier">Yann Hautier</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université d'Utrecht</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Utrecht</settlement><region nuts="2">Utrecht (province)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hector, Andy" sort="Hector, Andy" uniqKey="Hector A" first="Andy" last="Hector">Andy Hector</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="nation">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Oxfordshire</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jentsch, Anke" sort="Jentsch, Anke" uniqKey="Jentsch A" first="Anke" last="Jentsch">Anke Jentsch</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Disturbance Ecology, BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Disturbance Ecology, BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>95440 Bayreuth</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>95440 Bayreuth</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>95440 Bayreuth</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kreyling, Jurgen" sort="Kreyling, Jurgen" uniqKey="Kreyling J" first="Jürgen" last="Kreyling">Jürgen Kreyling</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University Greifswald, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University Greifswald, D-17487 Greifswald</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>17487 Greifswald</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>17487 Greifswald</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>D-17487 Greifswald</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lanta, Vojt Ch" sort="Lanta, Vojt Ch" uniqKey="Lanta V" first="Vojt Ch" last="Lanta">Vojt Ch Lanta</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République tchèque</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 37005 České Budějovice</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>37005 České Budějovice</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Manning, Pete" sort="Manning, Pete" uniqKey="Manning P" first="Pete" last="Manning">Pete Manning</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Bern, CH-3013 Bern, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Bern, CH-3013 Bern</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Berne</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Berne</settlement><region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Berne</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meyer, Sebastian T" sort="Meyer, Sebastian T" uniqKey="Meyer S" first="Sebastian T" last="Meyer">Sebastian T. Meyer</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>85354 Freising</wicri:noRegion><orgName type="university">Université technique de Munich</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Munich</settlement><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mori, Akira S" sort="Mori, Akira S" uniqKey="Mori A" first="Akira S" last="Mori">Akira S. Mori</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-7 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 240-8501, Japan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-7 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 240-8501</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>240-8501</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Naeem, Shahid" sort="Naeem, Shahid" uniqKey="Naeem S" first="Shahid" last="Naeem">Shahid Naeem</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université Columbia</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">New York</settlement><region type="state">État de New York</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Niklaus, Pascal A" sort="Niklaus, Pascal A" uniqKey="Niklaus P" first="Pascal A" last="Niklaus">Pascal A. Niklaus</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Zurich</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Zurich</settlement><region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Zurich</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Polley, H Wayne" sort="Polley, H Wayne" uniqKey="Polley H" first="H Wayne" last="Polley">H Wayne Polley</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, Grassland, Soil and Water Research Laboratory, Temple, Texas 76502, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, Grassland, Soil and Water Research Laboratory, Temple, Texas 76502</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Texas 76502</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Reich, Peter B" sort="Reich, Peter B" uniqKey="Reich P" first="Peter B" last="Reich">Peter B. Reich</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55108 USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Minnesota</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Saint Paul</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Roscher, Christiane" sort="Roscher, Christiane" uniqKey="Roscher C" first="Christiane" last="Roscher">Christiane Roscher</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Saxe (Land)</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Leipzig</region><settlement type="city">Leipzig</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Seabloom, Eric W" sort="Seabloom, Eric W" uniqKey="Seabloom E" first="Eric W" last="Seabloom">Eric W. Seabloom</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55108</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Minnesota 55108</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smith, Melinda D" sort="Smith, Melinda D" uniqKey="Smith M" first="Melinda D" last="Smith">Melinda D. Smith</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Graduate Degree Program in Ecology and Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Graduate Degree Program in Ecology and Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Colorado 80523</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thakur, Madhav P" sort="Thakur, Madhav P" uniqKey="Thakur M" first="Madhav P" last="Thakur">Madhav P. Thakur</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Saxe (Land)</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Leipzig</region><settlement type="city">Leipzig</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tilman, David" sort="Tilman, David" uniqKey="Tilman D" first="David" last="Tilman">David Tilman</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55108</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Minnesota 55108</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tracy, Benjamin F" sort="Tracy, Benjamin F" uniqKey="Tracy B" first="Benjamin F" last="Tracy">Benjamin F. Tracy</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, Smyth Hall 0404, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, Smyth Hall 0404, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Virginia 24061</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Der Putten, Wim H" sort="Van Der Putten, Wim H" uniqKey="Van Der Putten W" first="Wim H" last="Van Der Putten">Wim H. Van Der Putten</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), PO Box 50, 6700 AB Wageningen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), PO Box 50, 6700 AB Wageningen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>6700 AB Wageningen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Ruijven, Jasper" sort="Van Ruijven, Jasper" uniqKey="Van Ruijven J" first="Jasper" last="Van Ruijven">Jasper Van Ruijven</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Nature Conservation and Plant Ecology Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Nature Conservation and Plant Ecology Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Wageningue</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Wageningue</settlement><region nuts="2">Gueldre (province)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Weigelt, Alexandra" sort="Weigelt, Alexandra" uniqKey="Weigelt A" first="Alexandra" last="Weigelt">Alexandra Weigelt</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Saxe (Land)</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Leipzig</region><settlement type="city">Leipzig</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Weisser, Wolfgang W" sort="Weisser, Wolfgang W" uniqKey="Weisser W" first="Wolfgang W" last="Weisser">Wolfgang W. Weisser</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>85354 Freising</wicri:noRegion><orgName type="university">Université technique de Munich</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Munich</settlement><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wilsey, Brian" sort="Wilsey, Brian" uniqKey="Wilsey B" first="Brian" last="Wilsey">Brian Wilsey</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université d'État de l'Iowa</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Ames (Iowa)</settlement><region type="state">Iowa</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eisenhauer, Nico" sort="Eisenhauer, Nico" uniqKey="Eisenhauer N" first="Nico" last="Eisenhauer">Nico Eisenhauer</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Saxe (Land)</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Leipzig</region><settlement type="city">Leipzig</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Nature</title><idno type="eISSN">1476-4687</idno><imprint><date when="2015" type="published">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Biodiversity</term><term>Climate</term><term>Climate Change (statistics & numerical data)</term><term>Conservation of Natural Resources</term><term>Disasters (statistics & numerical data)</term><term>Droughts</term><term>Ecosystem</term><term>Grassland</term><term>Human Activities</term><term>Plant Physiological Phenomena</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Activités humaines</term><term>Biodiversité</term><term>Catastrophes ()</term><term>Changement climatique ()</term><term>Climat</term><term>Conservation des ressources naturelles</term><term>Phénomènes physiologiques des plantes</term><term>Prairie</term><term>Sécheresses</term><term>Écosystème</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="statistics & numerical data" xml:lang="en"><term>Climate Change</term><term>Disasters</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Biodiversity</term><term>Climate</term><term>Conservation of Natural Resources</term><term>Droughts</term><term>Ecosystem</term><term>Grassland</term><term>Human Activities</term><term>Plant Physiological Phenomena</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Activités humaines</term><term>Biodiversité</term><term>Catastrophes</term><term>Changement climatique</term><term>Climat</term><term>Conservation des ressources naturelles</term><term>Phénomènes physiologiques des plantes</term><term>Prairie</term><term>Sécheresses</term><term>Écosystème</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">It remains unclear whether biodiversity buffers ecosystems against climate extremes, which are becoming increasingly frequent worldwide. Early results suggested that the ecosystem productivity of diverse grassland plant communities was more resistant, changing less during drought, and more resilient, recovering more quickly after drought, than that of depauperate communities. However, subsequent experimental tests produced mixed results. Here we use data from 46 experiments that manipulated grassland plant diversity to test whether biodiversity provides resistance during and resilience after climate events. We show that biodiversity increased ecosystem resistance for a broad range of climate events, including wet or dry, moderate or extreme, and brief or prolonged events. Across all studies and climate events, the productivity of low-diversity communities with one or two species changed by approximately 50% during climate events, whereas that of high-diversity communities with 16-32 species was more resistant, changing by only approximately 25%. By a year after each climate event, ecosystem productivity had often fully recovered, or overshot, normal levels of productivity in both high- and low-diversity communities, leading to no detectable dependence of ecosystem resilience on biodiversity. Our results suggest that biodiversity mainly stabilizes ecosystem productivity, and productivity-dependent ecosystem services, by increasing resistance to climate events. Anthropogenic environmental changes that drive biodiversity loss thus seem likely to decrease ecosystem stability, and restoration of biodiversity to increase it, mainly by changing the resistance of ecosystem productivity to climate events.</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Allemagne</li><li>France</li><li>Irlande (pays)</li><li>Japon</li><li>Pays-Bas</li><li>Royaume-Uni</li><li>République tchèque</li><li>Suisse</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Angleterre</li><li>Bavière</li><li>Canton de Berne</li><li>Canton de Zurich</li><li>District de Haute-Bavière</li><li>District de Leipzig</li><li>Gueldre (province)</li><li>Iowa</li><li>Minnesota</li><li>Oxfordshire</li><li>Saxe (Land)</li><li>Utrecht (province)</li><li>État de New York</li></region><settlement><li>Ames (Iowa)</li><li>Berne</li><li>Leipzig</li><li>Munich</li><li>New York</li><li>Oxford</li><li>Utrecht</li><li>Wageningue</li><li>Zurich</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université Columbia</li><li>Université d'Oxford</li><li>Université d'Utrecht</li><li>Université d'État de l'Iowa</li><li>Université de Berne</li><li>Université de Wageningue</li><li>Université de Zurich</li><li>Université technique de Munich</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="États-Unis"><noRegion><name sortKey="Isbell, Forest" sort="Isbell, Forest" uniqKey="Isbell F" first="Forest" last="Isbell">Forest Isbell</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Bonin, Catherine" sort="Bonin, Catherine" uniqKey="Bonin C" first="Catherine" last="Bonin">Catherine Bonin</name><name sortKey="Guo, Qinfeng" sort="Guo, Qinfeng" uniqKey="Guo Q" first="Qinfeng" last="Guo">Qinfeng Guo</name><name sortKey="Naeem, Shahid" sort="Naeem, Shahid" uniqKey="Naeem S" first="Shahid" last="Naeem">Shahid Naeem</name><name sortKey="Polley, H Wayne" sort="Polley, H Wayne" uniqKey="Polley H" first="H Wayne" last="Polley">H Wayne Polley</name><name sortKey="Reich, Peter B" sort="Reich, Peter B" uniqKey="Reich P" first="Peter B" last="Reich">Peter B. Reich</name><name sortKey="Seabloom, Eric W" sort="Seabloom, Eric W" uniqKey="Seabloom E" first="Eric W" last="Seabloom">Eric W. Seabloom</name><name sortKey="Smith, Melinda D" sort="Smith, Melinda D" uniqKey="Smith M" first="Melinda D" last="Smith">Melinda D. Smith</name><name sortKey="Tilman, David" sort="Tilman, David" uniqKey="Tilman D" first="David" last="Tilman">David Tilman</name><name sortKey="Tracy, Benjamin F" sort="Tracy, Benjamin F" uniqKey="Tracy B" first="Benjamin F" last="Tracy">Benjamin F. Tracy</name><name sortKey="Wilsey, Brian" sort="Wilsey, Brian" uniqKey="Wilsey B" first="Brian" last="Wilsey">Brian Wilsey</name></country><country name="Allemagne"><region name="Saxe (Land)"><name sortKey="Craven, Dylan" sort="Craven, Dylan" uniqKey="Craven D" first="Dylan" last="Craven">Dylan Craven</name></region><name sortKey="Beierkuhnlein, Carl" sort="Beierkuhnlein, Carl" uniqKey="Beierkuhnlein C" first="Carl" last="Beierkuhnlein">Carl Beierkuhnlein</name><name sortKey="Bruelheide, Helge" sort="Bruelheide, Helge" uniqKey="Bruelheide H" first="Helge" last="Bruelheide">Helge Bruelheide</name><name sortKey="Ebeling, Anne" sort="Ebeling, Anne" uniqKey="Ebeling A" first="Anne" last="Ebeling">Anne Ebeling</name><name sortKey="Eisenhauer, Nico" sort="Eisenhauer, Nico" uniqKey="Eisenhauer N" first="Nico" last="Eisenhauer">Nico Eisenhauer</name><name sortKey="Jentsch, Anke" sort="Jentsch, Anke" uniqKey="Jentsch A" first="Anke" last="Jentsch">Anke Jentsch</name><name sortKey="Kreyling, Jurgen" sort="Kreyling, Jurgen" uniqKey="Kreyling J" first="Jürgen" last="Kreyling">Jürgen Kreyling</name><name sortKey="Meyer, Sebastian T" sort="Meyer, Sebastian T" uniqKey="Meyer S" first="Sebastian T" last="Meyer">Sebastian T. Meyer</name><name sortKey="Roscher, Christiane" sort="Roscher, Christiane" uniqKey="Roscher C" first="Christiane" last="Roscher">Christiane Roscher</name><name sortKey="Thakur, Madhav P" sort="Thakur, Madhav P" uniqKey="Thakur M" first="Madhav P" last="Thakur">Madhav P. Thakur</name><name sortKey="Weigelt, Alexandra" sort="Weigelt, Alexandra" uniqKey="Weigelt A" first="Alexandra" last="Weigelt">Alexandra Weigelt</name><name sortKey="Weisser, Wolfgang W" sort="Weisser, Wolfgang W" uniqKey="Weisser W" first="Wolfgang W" last="Weisser">Wolfgang W. Weisser</name></country><country name="Irlande (pays)"><noRegion><name sortKey="Connolly, John" sort="Connolly, John" uniqKey="Connolly J" first="John" last="Connolly">John Connolly</name></noRegion></country><country name="France"><noRegion><name sortKey="Loreau, Michel" sort="Loreau, Michel" uniqKey="Loreau M" first="Michel" last="Loreau">Michel Loreau</name></noRegion></country><country name="Suisse"><region name="Canton de Zurich"><name sortKey="Schmid, Bernhard" sort="Schmid, Bernhard" uniqKey="Schmid B" first="Bernhard" last="Schmid">Bernhard Schmid</name></region><name sortKey="De Luca, Enrica" sort="De Luca, Enrica" uniqKey="De Luca E" first="Enrica" last="De Luca">Enrica De Luca</name><name sortKey="Manning, Pete" sort="Manning, Pete" uniqKey="Manning P" first="Pete" last="Manning">Pete Manning</name><name sortKey="Niklaus, Pascal A" sort="Niklaus, Pascal A" uniqKey="Niklaus P" first="Pascal A" last="Niklaus">Pascal A. Niklaus</name></country><country name="Pays-Bas"><noRegion><name sortKey="Bezemer, T Martijn" sort="Bezemer, T Martijn" uniqKey="Bezemer T" first="T Martijn" last="Bezemer">T Martijn Bezemer</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Hautier, Yann" sort="Hautier, Yann" uniqKey="Hautier Y" first="Yann" last="Hautier">Yann Hautier</name><name sortKey="Van Der Putten, Wim H" sort="Van Der Putten, Wim H" uniqKey="Van Der Putten W" first="Wim H" last="Van Der Putten">Wim H. Van Der Putten</name><name sortKey="Van Ruijven, Jasper" sort="Van Ruijven, Jasper" uniqKey="Van Ruijven J" first="Jasper" last="Van Ruijven">Jasper Van Ruijven</name></country><country name="Royaume-Uni"><noRegion><name sortKey="Griffin, John N" sort="Griffin, John N" uniqKey="Griffin J" first="John N" last="Griffin">John N. Griffin</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Hector, Andy" sort="Hector, Andy" uniqKey="Hector A" first="Andy" last="Hector">Andy Hector</name></country><country name="République tchèque"><noRegion><name sortKey="Lanta, Vojt Ch" sort="Lanta, Vojt Ch" uniqKey="Lanta V" first="Vojt Ch" last="Lanta">Vojt Ch Lanta</name></noRegion></country><country name="Japon"><noRegion><name sortKey="Mori, Akira S" sort="Mori, Akira S" uniqKey="Mori A" first="Akira S" last="Mori">Akira S. Mori</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Asie/explor/AustralieFrV1/Data/Main/Exploration
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 003111 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd -nk 003111 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Wicri/Asie
|area= AustralieFrV1
|flux= Main
|étape= Exploration
|type= RBID
|clé= pubmed:26466564
|texte= Biodiversity increases the resistance of ecosystem productivity to climate extremes.
}}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:26466564" \
| HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd \
| NlmPubMed2Wicri -a AustralieFrV1
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.33. |  |